推拿文化

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推拿是中华民族优秀的医疗方法,它是劳动人民在长期的生产劳动实践中,在同大自然做斗争中产生的。人们受伤后,本能地用手去抚摸伤痛处,疼痛得到缓解,由此便逐渐产生了推拿疗法,远在两千多年前的春秋战国时期,按摩疗法就被广泛应用、民间医生扁鹊运用按摩、针灸成功地抢救尸厥患者,我国现存最早的医学著作,秦汉时期的《内经》中记载了按摩可以治疗痹症、痿症、口眼歪斜、胃脘痛等。我国第一部按摩专著《黄帝岐伯按摩十卷》(已佚),也是秦汉时期成书的。

明代是推拿发展的重要时期,不仅设有按摩科,而且在治疗小儿疾病方面,积累了丰富的经验,形成了小儿推拿的独特体系,如小儿推拿穴位有点、线和面。在大量临床实践基础上又有很多小儿推拿专著问世,如《小儿按摩经》、《小儿推拿秘诀》等。

清代,大医院虽不设按摩科,但由于疗效显著,在民间仍有较大发展,有很多专著问世,如熊应雄的《小儿推拿广意》、钱怀屯的《小儿推拿直录)等。清代对推拿手法治疗伤科疾病作了较系统的总结,如吴谦的《医宗金鉴》,把摸、接、端、提、推、拿、按、摩列为伤科八法。

国民党政府在1929 年召开第一次'中央卫生委员会议',提出了'废止旧医以扫除医事卫生之障碍案',1936年又提出'国医在科学上无根据'一律不许营业,祖国医学遭到严重摧残,推拿濒于消亡,当时从事医疗推拿者寥寥无几,但推拿术毕竟是行之有效的医疗科学手段,所以在民间还有一定程度的发展,形成一指禅推拿、内功推拿、滚法推拿等流派。

1949年以后,祖国医学中的推拿疗法得到前所未有的发展,相继开设推拿训练班,推拿专科门诊部,开设推拿专科学校,除治疗疾病外还开展了大量的科研和文献整理工作,同时推拿麻醉也获得了成功。

1978年以后,党和政府十分重视中医事业,推拿事业同样也获得飞速发展,很多中医院校开设了推拿专业,推拿针灸系等,随著国家对外开放政策的施行,推拿与国际交流日益增多、到中国学习针灸推拿的外国留学生也日渐增多,同时向国外派出推拿医务工作者,进行医疗,学术交流,推拿这门古老而又年轻的学科,已受到国际医务界重视。共同研究发展推拿事业,使推拿事业辉煌发展的年代已经来到了。
 
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